Radiation dose is a fundamental quantitative concept in radiological science and health physics concerning the amount of energy imparted by ionizing radiation to a unit mass of material. As a research concept, it investigates the physical interactions of radiation with matter and the subsequent energy deposition processes, serving as the basis for assessing potential biological effects, designing radiation protection protocols, and optimizing applications in medicine and industry. Its significance lies in providing a standardized metric essential for understanding radiation risk, regulating exposure limits, and developing effective radiation detection and measurement methodologies.